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Phylum Porifera

Darcie and Kolby

PhylumPoriferaDarcie and Kolby

Sea Sponges Sea Sponges

General Description

These sea sponges are slow moving animals. They cover the sea floor. The adult sea sponge is classified as a sessile, which means they are attached to something, like a rock, and do not move. They only move with the water current. They were found about 500 million years ago. There are about 5,000 species all around the world.

Characteristics of a sea sponge

  • Has no nerves system
  • Multi cellular body, few tissues, and no organs
  • Most likely have a skeleton of spicules
  • Have a distinct larva stage, which is plank tonic
  • All are sessile (attached to something as an adult)
  • Lives mostly in marine environments
  • Filter feeders
  • Absorbs water through pores and specialized filter cells
  • Skin is smooth
  • Common colors: Green, Red, Blue, Yellow, Orange, Brown

Special Adaptations

Porifiea has adapted well over the millions of years since it has been found. Their structures are strong enough to keep them living even in harsh conditions. "For instance, sponges are able to control the high volume of water diffusing through them each day and they achieve this through constricting their pores for easy management. By monitoring the amount of water flow through their structures filter detritus particles resourcefully." They have to adapt to the environment that they grew up in. There are certain species that are adapted to fresh water. The skeleton allows them to live in hard or soft conditions.


"Porifera." The Excretory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.

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Feeding and Digestion

Sea sponges eat floating particles and plankton. They do not have mouths to eat the particles and plankton. The plankton and particles are moved with the water into the sponge. The food goes through cells called choanocytes and another cell called amoebocyts.

Circulation

A sea sponge does not have a circulatory system. They only have the flow of water for nutrients and oxygen. Water flows in the protocyte. Water flows out of large openings called Oscula. The process of diffusion.

Excretion

Since porifea is made of many cells, the cells have to excrete their own waste. "The peripheral cells on its collar (mouth) region have flagella. These are called Choanoflagella which ultimately pushes the waste from its upper part of its body."


"Sponges: Characters, Classification and Types | Zoology." Biology Discussion. N.p., 02 May 2016. Web. 09 May 2017.

Movement

A sea sponge only moves with the movement of water. Swaying back and fourth. The sponge can not move on its own. Once it is attached to something after the larva stage it stays there. Porifera gets nutrients by the water moving them by diffusion.

Nerves System

"Synapses are junctions between two nerve cells that allow them to pass signals to one another. These messages are carried by molecules called neurotransmitters the cross synaptic gap. When they reach the receiving cell, they come across an elaborate tangle of proteins called the post-synaptic density (PSD) the PSD processes the neurotransmitters, among many other important roles, and allows the receiving cell to respond appropriately to the nervous signal."


http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/invertebrates/sponge/

Reproduction

Sea Sponges produce sexually and asexually. Producing this way, helps keep them alive in their habitats. Sponges are male and female. The male releases the sperm into the water, travels to the female, and enters the sponge. After awhile, the sponge releases the larva into the water. The larva floats around in the water for a few days then finds a solid place to form and grow into an adult an sponge.
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Fun Facts!!

  • Fossil sponges are the oldest animal fossils.
  • It is not a coral
  • New sponges are found every year
  • A sponge can have up to 16,000 species in it
  • They do not have organs
  • Sea sponges are animals
  • They have been on the ocean for 500 million years
  • About 5,000 species worldwide
  • Amallest sponge is 1 inch long and the largest is 4 feet tall
  • Sea sponges have very few predators
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Stove-Pipe Sponge

They are large tube like sponges. They grow up to 150 cm long and are 10 cm at the top. Most of the time they grow in groups of 22 sponges. They rarely grow alone.
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Glass Sponge

The tissue in a glass sponge has a glass like structure that are made of silica. This sponge skeleton in called spicules.
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Calcareous Sponge

These species are made up of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite. Depending on the species, they generally have three points but they could have two or four points.
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Demospongia

This class is the largest of three classes. It has around 90% of all species. They can grow very tall and are generally very bright.
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Wool Sea Sponge

Known to have a soft texture, like wool. They are one of the versatile sponges. These sponges can be used for cleaning and scrubbing.
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Grass sea sponge

Mainly only found off of Florida. They are less absorbent and durable than the yellow sponge and the wool sponge. This sponge, the yellow sponge and the wool sea sponges are most likely to be used in a household.

Names of a sea sponge

Common Name: Sponge

Scientific name: Demospongiae

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Porifera

Other names

  • Sycon
  • Spongilla

Work Cited (MLA FORMAT)

"Porifera." The Excretory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.


Sponges - EnchantedLearning.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.


SPONGE: FEEDING. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.


Introduction to Porifera. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2017.


F, Biology 11 Block. "Porifera." MOVEMENT. N.p., 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 08 May 2017.


"Sponges: Characters, Classification and Types | Zoology." Biology Discussion. N.p., 02 May 2016. Web. 09 May 2017.


Animals, A-Z. "Sponge." A-Z Animals - Animal Facts, Pictures and Resources. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.


"The Phylum Porifera." The Sponges (Phylum Porifera). N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.


Posted by Ed Yong on April 12, 2009. "Simple Sponges Provide Clues to Origin of Nervous System." Not Exactly Rocket Science. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.


"Investigation." About Sponges. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 May 2017.

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