DIRECTIONS: In the passage that follows, certain words and phrases are underlined and numbered. In the right-hand column, you will find alternatives for the underlined part. In most cases, you are to choose the one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement appropriate for standard written English, or is worded most consistently with the style and tone of the passage as a whole. If you think the original version is best, choose "NO CHANGE." In some cases, you will find in the right-hand column a question about the underlined part. You are to choose the best answer to the question.
You will also find questions about a section of the passage, or about the passage as a whole. These questions do not refer to an underlined portion of the passage, but rather are identified by a number or numbers in a box.
For each question, choose the alternative you consider best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer document. Read the passage through once before you begin to answer the questions that accompany it. For many of the questions, you must read several sentences beyond the question to determine the answer. Be sure that you have read far enough ahead each time you choose an alternative.
The Andean Panpipe
Whether its bright and jaunty or haunting and
melancholic, the music of the Andes highlands has a
mellow sound unique in the musical world. The
instrument responsible for this sound is the antara, or
Andean panpipe, known for the hollow-sounding,
breathy notes it creates. The antara has its origins in
the Incan civilization, once the more richer and more
powerful empire in South America.
The antara consists of a connected row of hollow,
vertical pipes of varying lengths, which are then lined up.
The pipes, which can vary numerously from three to
fifteen, are fashioned from clay that is rolled around
a mold. Each pipe is individually rolled to create the
proper pitch before being bound to the other pipes.
The antara dates back to the ninth century.
Evidence about how musicians played the instrument
have come from painted images on Incan ceramic
pottery. Musicians are depicted playing a six-pipe antara
by holding the lower ends of the two longer pipes
with the right hand while placing the left hand near the
remaining tops of the four pipes. The antara was also
sometimes held in one hand while the other hand beat
a cylindrical drum.
[1] Due to the limited number of notes that can be
played on an antara, early musicians’ most likely worked
in groups, coordinating the timing and pitch of their
instruments to extend the range of sounds produced.
[2] Other pottery images show two antara players facing
each other while dancing. [3] Each player holds a set of
pipes so that both sets are connected to the other set by
a string, as if to suggest that those two antaras should be
played together. [4] Even to this day, descendants of the
Incas, the Quechua people of Peru and Bolivia, prefer
to play matched antaras bound together.
Unfortunately, the music of the Incas can
probably never be exactly re-creating. Yet one
can hear in the music of their descendants, beautiful
variations on a musical sound that has survived for
many centuries.
