The experiences of and challenges facing people in the past helps put our experiences and challenges into context.

Different groups responded in different ways to the shift in power in Canada from France to Britain

The significance of historical events is determined partly by their short and long term impact

Do we experience any of the same challenges people in Canada experiences in earlier times?

In groups of 3 or 4 brainstorm similarities and differences between the challenges that we face today compared to those living in Canada in the 1700s.

To gain insight into how New France became established and how the Europeans interacted with the First Nations' people they encountered, investigate the lives and adventures of early explorers. In groups of two select two explorers from the list below and research how they might have impacted the settlement of New France.

• Cartier, 1534-1536 • Marquette, 1673-1675 • Champlain, 1604-1616 • Jolliet, 1673-1694

• Brûlé, 1615-1621 • Greysolon Dulhut, 1678-1679• Nicollet, 1634 • Hennepin, 1678-1680

• De Quen, 1647 • Lahontan, 1684-1688• Des Groseilliers, 1654-1660

• Chevalier de Troyes, 1686• Radisson, 1659-1660 • Le Moyne d’Iberville, 1686-1702

• Perrot, 1665-1689 • Lamothe Cadillac, 1694-1701• Cavelier de La Salle, 1670-1687

• La Vérendrye, 1732-1739 • Albanel, 1672

Each pair will prepare a half-page report on each of the explorers selected. This research

will help set the background for understanding the lives of those who inhabited the settlements of New France. Try to explore any commercial transactions and interactions explorers may have had with the native population and with those in their own community. For example, did the explorers

trade commodities for beaver pelts and other furs? If so, what did they trade? Document the early forms of commerce that may have occurred.

At the beginning of the 1700s, the British and the French both controlled large areas of North America. As the colonies expanded and grew, conflicts between both groups and First Nations also grew. Valuable resources, such as furs, became a huge part of the expanding European presence. Take a look at the timeline below. With a partner discuss which event you feel had the most impact on the development of Canada.

Before the Treaty of Utrecht was signed, the French and British disagreed over who owned what land. Did the treaty settle these land disputes, or did the French and the British still disagree over who owned what land? Take a look at the maps below. Both of these maps—before and after the treaty was signed—show disputed territory. Both the French and the British claimed ownership of land that was disputed.

With a partner begin to examine the following:

• identify the people who were living in North America in 1713 and why the land was important for different groups

• explain how the land was divided by the Treaty of Utrecht and how this division affected people’s relationships and led to uncertainty in North America

• analyze maps to understand the changes in borders and the movement of people after 1713

In the early 1600s, France and England tried to make their claims on North America stronger. They did this by establishing permanent settlements. These settlements were built on land where First Nations peoples lived. In your History Duo-tang, answer the following questions:

Why did the French and English believe that they had the right to build on First Nations’ land?

How did land use change with the arrival of Europeans in North America?

How did land use stay the same?

Why did Europeans want to own different parts of North America?

How did Europeans try to claim ownership of the land? Would this method work today?

source: Nelson History 7

In the early 1600s, France put in place the seigneurial system for its North American settlements. The seigneurial system was the way that land was divided among settlers in New France. A landlord, called a seigneur, rented out farmland to farmers for a small fee. Most of the farms in New France were located along the St. Lawrence River. Figure 1.12A shows the shape of the farms in New France in the 1600s and 1700s. Figure 1.12B

shows farmland in the province of Québec today, from above. What similarities do you see?

What did you find out about how different individuals and groups in Quebec viewed the shift in power to Britain?

What have you learned from looking at this event from different perspectives?

Do you think all the perspectives are equally valid? Why or why not?

After watching the video on The Seven Years War summarize the main points with a partner in your history duotang. Once you have summarized the war check in with another group to see that you haven't missed anything.

What are three (Level 4) questions that you have about the Seven Years War